For a given input combination, a sequential circuit may produce di erent output values, depending on its previous state. We said that the output of a combinational circuit depends solely upon the input. Digital circuits and systems online course video lectures. All sequential circuits contain combinational logic in addition to the memory elements. Sequential circuits together with combinatorial circuits make it possible to. Combinational logic circuits sequential logic circuits how digital logic gates are built using transistors design and build of digital logic systems. Lecture 2 combinational circuits and verilog cse p567. Binary counters simple design b bits can count from 0 to 2b. The course introduces you to the digital circuits and their merits and demerits over analog circuits. Srinivasan department of electrical engineering, iit madras.
Output is a function of both the present state and the input. Course structure 11 lectures hardware labs 6 workshops 7 sessions, each one 3h, alternate weeks thu. This will be followed by combinational and sequential circuit design techniques. Chapter 02 dft slides 091806 university of british columbia.
Sequential circuits introduction to digital integrated circuit design lecture 4 27 enable enable. Fault modeling electrical engineering and computer science. Aghdam 6s and r are equal to 1 while clk 0 which causes no change in the output. Srinivasan, department of electrical engineering, iit madras for more details on nptel visit. If d 0 when clk becomes 1, r changes to 0 since s 1, z 1, clk 1 and this resets the flipflop, making q 0. Also used for cycleaccurate synchronous sequential circuits for logic verification efficient for highly active circuits, but inefficient for lowactivity circuits highlevel e. Digital electronics part i combinational and sequential logic. Combinational digital circuits and sequential digital circuits. Later, we will study circuits having a stored internal state, i. The fundamental principles of sequential logic show us how to construct circuits that switch from one operating point to the other. Rabaey, jan, anantha chandrakasan, and bora nikolic.
Nptel provides elearning through online web and video courses various. Easy to build using jk flipflops use the jk 11 to toggle. Nptel video lectures, iit video lectures online, nptel youtube. Sequential logic last lecture discussed how we can use digital electronics to do combinatorial logic we designed circuits that gave an immediate output when presented with a given set of inputs in many cases, however, we want to do sequential logic that means that the output of the circuit should change only when. Srinivasan, dept of electrical engineering, iit madras. For a given input combination, a sequential circuit may produce different. Sequential circuits can be categorized as being synchronous or asynchronous. Sequential circuits 1 rs latch d latch flipflops d registers january 25, 2016. Digital circuits department of electrical engineering, iit bombay. Combinational circuits circuits without memory outputs depend only on current input values 2. Basic building blocks of both combinational and sequential circuits or introduces and many examples of circuit design using these building blocks are presented. Sequential circuits a sequential circuit consists of a combinational circuit and a feedback through the storage elements in the circuit. Lecture notes analysis and design of digital integrated.
Sequential circuit analysis from sequential circuit to state transition. Sequential circuits until now, circuits were combinational when inputs change, the outputs change after a while time logic delay thru circuit combinational circuit inputs outputs we want the clock to act like a start and stop signal a latch is a storage device that stores its inputs at a rising clock edge and. Digital circuits and systems nptel online videos, courses iit. Sequential logic digital video lecture all about circuits.
A synchronous sequential circuit usually has a clock pulse clocked sequential circuits. Lecture 24 design of synchronous sequential circuits. Sequential circuit design university of pittsburgh. Sequential circuits slide 8cmos vlsi design typical layout densities typical numbers of highquality layout derate by 2 for class projects to allow routing and some sloppy layout. Moore type has outputs dependent only on the state, e. Srinivasan, department of electrical engineering, iit madras. In sequential circuits, the \state of the circuit is crucial in determining the output values. Carrylookahead adder clocks, latches, sequential circuits. Electronics and communications video lectures from nptel.
In other words, a sequential circuit has a memory of its past state whereas a combinatorial circuit has no memory. So welcome to the fourth lecture of digital system design with plds and. In the figure, the output of the oscillator, v 1 has 10 volts peak amplitude with zero dc value. Ripple counter increased delay as in ripplecarry adders delay proportional to the number of bits. Sequential circuits introduction to digital integrated circuit design lecture 4 3 recommended reading j. Lecture 24 design of synchronous sequential circuits youtube. There is no signficance to the fact that the number of.
Instead, we provide a few examples to illustrate the technique. Sequential circuits chihwei liu vlsi signal processing lab national chiao tung university. Nptel video lectures, iit video lectures online, nptel youtube lectures, free video lectures. Concept of memory is obtained via unclocked latches andor circuit delay. A sequential circuit will go through these different states in a certain sequence. Lecture 09 faster, processing all bits simultaneously requires more components need 32 full adders to add 32 bit numbers sequential serial adders. The implication is that combinational circuits have no memory. Asynchronous sequential circuits resemble combinatorial circuits with feedback paths. Lecture 4 sequential circuits circuits and systems.
Sequential circuits the digital circuits we have seen so far gates, multiplexer, demultiplexer, encoders, decoders are combinatorial in nature, i. A sequential logic circuit can have any number of inputs and any number of outputs. The transfer characteristic of the schmitt inverter is also shown in the figure. The basic logic gates arethe inverter or not gate, the. Gate video lectures on electronic devices, digital circuits. Here is a sequential logic circuit and this is just an example.
Nptel provides elearning through online web and video courses various streams. Srinivasan, department of electrical engineering, iit madras for more details on nptel. Autumn 2003 cse370 vi sequentai llogci 1 sequential logic sequential circuits simple circuits with feedback latches edgetriggered flipflops timing methodologies cascading flipflops for proper operation clock skew asynchronous inputs metastability and synchronization basic registers shift registers simple counters hardware description languages and sequential logic. Digital circuits and systems nptel online videos, courses. Lecture 11 modeling of verilog sequential circuits. Changes in input variables cause changes in states. This type of circuits uses previous input, output, clock and a memory element. Oct 26, 2012 sequential circuits outputs depend on present inputs and previous inputs also it contains memory elements for storing previous state inputs examples of sequential circuits are flip flops, counters, shift registers 4. Sample of the study material part of chapter 5 combinational.
Sequential circuits outputs depend on present inputs and previous inputs also it contains memory elements for storing previous state inputs examples of sequential circuits are flip flops, counters, shift registers 4. Sequential circuits cmos vlsi design slide 8 typical layout densities qtypical numbers of highquality layout qderate by 2 for class projects to allow routing and some sloppy layout. In sequential circuits, the state of the circuit is crucial in determining the output values. Memory two kinds write it down repeat it to yourself feedback sequential circuits use the latter.
Basically, sequential circuits have memory and combinational circuits do not. Consequently the output is solely a function of the current inputs. Digital electronics part i combinational and sequential. It is convenient to group sequential circuits as to whether the generate sequences, detect sequences, or. In sequential circuits, the output could take on different values. Digital electronics is classified into combinational logic and sequential logic. Lecture 16 introduction to sequential circuits youtube. Combinational logic output depends on the current inputs, whereas sequential logic output depends on. Nptel video lectures, iit video lectures online, nptel youtube lectures, free video.
So let us move on in the last lecture we have seen the synchronous sequential circuits. Now if d changes its value while clk 1, since r 0, we will still have z 1 and it will not change the value of r. It forms the basis of many of the next level courses. Previous gate papers with detailed video solutions and answer keys since 1987. Digital circuits and systems online course video lectures by. Block diagram flip flop flip flop is a sequential circuit which generally samples its inputs and changes its outputs only at. Asynchronous sequential circuits type of circuit without clocks, but with the concept of memory. Adding memory into a sequential circuit adds the time domain into the mix. Digital vlsi system design nptel online videos, courses. General form input combinational flipflops combinational output circuit circuit clock 1. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Dec 17, 2007 40 videos play all electronics digital circuits and systems nptelhrd marty lobdell study less study smart duration. We now consider the analysis and design of sequential circuits. Register array in mips, there are 32 registers, and each is 32 bits.
Lecture 12 modeling of verilog sequential circuits. Designing sequential logic circuits implementation techniques for flipflops, latches, oscillators, pulse generators, n and schmitt triggers n static versus dynamic realization choosing clocking strategies 7. In order to build sophisticated digital logic circuits, including computers, we need more a powerful model. The lecture notes for this course are closely based on the course textbook. A sequential logic circuit typically has some type of memory element to hold the state of the circuit.
Operational amplifier, difference amplifiers, biasing of differential amplifiers, practical operational amplifier, parameters of an opamp, open loop opamp configuration, closed loop amplifier, voltage shunt feedback, opamp applications, oscillator, harmonic oscillators, tuned oscillators, voltage regulators. The exact sequence depends on what happens to the input. Slower, must process each bit in order few components required to numbers of any length need a d flipflop and a full adder. State tablediagram specification there is no algorithmic way to construct the state table from a word description of the circuit. Sequential circuitsalso called finite state machine circuits with memory memory elements to store the state of the circuit the state represents the input sequence in the past. Sequential logic sequential circuits simple circuits with feedback latches edgetriggered flipflops timing methodologies cascading flipflops for proper operation clock skew asynchronous inputs metastability and synchronization basic registers shift registers simple counters hardware description languages and sequential logic. Now, this is much like what we discussed in combinational logic. But sequential circuit has memory so output can vary based on input. Flip flop is a sequential circuit which generally samples its inputs and changes its outputs only at particular instants of time and not continuously.
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